ITEM 4.2 CSAH 42 Watermainto
06efF
ro
MINNESOTA ! 7
DEPARTMENT INFORMATION
Request for
City Council Action
ORIGINATING DEPARTMENT
REQUESTOR:
MEETING DATE:
Public Works
City Engineer Wagner
June 8, 2020
PRESENTER(s)
REVIEWED BY:
ITEM #:
City Engineer Wagner
City Administrator/Finance Director Flaherty
City Planner Licht
City Utilities Manager Neidermeier
4.2 — CSAH 42 Watermain
STRATEGIC VISION
MEETS:
THE CITY OF OTSEGO:
Is a strong organization that is committed to leading the community through innovative
communication.
X
Has proactively expanded infrastructure to responsibly provide core services.
Is committed to delivery of quality emergency service responsive to community needs and
expectations in a cost-effective manner.
Is a social community with diverse housing, service options, and employment opportunities.
X
Is a distinctive, connected community known for its beauty and natural surroundings.
e ► � e�`��i�i�7�ir_\I�+�
RECOMMENDATION:
City staff recommends reviewing a cost share of watermain lowering that is required due to a number of
circumstances that have occurred over the years.
ARE YOU SEEKING APPROVAL OF A CONTRACT?
IS A PUBLIC HEARING REQUIRED?
No
No
BACKGROUND/JUSTIFICATION:
The Riverbend North development is closing in on completion of the public improvements within their
project. One of the last remaining items is placement of the bituminous off-street trail connecting the
terminus of the trail at the TH101 ramp to Northwoods Park. Late last fall, the developer was notified that
the watermain will be too shallow in some areas under the new trail due to the regrading necessary for
construction of the trail, which would make it more susceptible to freezing.
The watermain south and east of the access into the development will still be at least 6 feet deep. Only
insulation of the watermain is necessary and the developer has agreed to insulate those areas at their cost.
The area north and west of the development access, including the driveway, will be less than 6 feet in depth.
The watermain needs to be lowered to a minimum depth of 6 feet' with insulation. The developer is
requesting the City fund the lowering of the watermain in this area as it was not 7.5 feet deep prior to their
project.
The City has done considerable research to determine reasons why the watermain is at its current depth and
reviewed any alternatives to minimize costs. Below is a summary of what was found so the City Council can
consider this information and determine the amount of, if any, City funding is necessary to lower the
watermain.
1) In 2005/2006, TH101 through Otsego was selected by MNDOTto be the recipient of funding
to change from an expressway to a freeway. The project was required to be designed and
constructed by 2008. This required the City of Otsego to move and upgrade several trunk
water and sewer crossings by fall of 2006. As MNDOT completed their design, the City was
preparing plans to complete their utility upgrades and relocation. One location was at CSAH
42 east of TH101. At the time the realignment of CSAH 42 was known, but the planned
elevation of the CSAH 42 was not. CSAH 42 was lowered to go under TH101 as to minimize
fill needed for the TH101 overpass. This created an area of pipe about 175 feet to 200 feet
long where the cover over the watermain pipe was reduced by 1.5 feet to 2.0 feet.
Coinciding with this location was a force main which was used to serve the then existing
Food and Fuel convenient store that the watermain had to cross above.
2) In 2019 the developer came forward with a proposal for development of the Riverbend
North. The development required some upgrades within CSAH 42 right-of-way. A right
turn lane into the development and a trail along CSAH 42 were both requirements of the
project and were at the location of the now less than 7.5 foot deep watermain. Since the
new alignment of CSAH 42 was on a curve, the cross-section of the street was in super
elevation meaning the entire street was sloped from north side to south side rather than
crowned in the middle. This meant the addition of a 12 foot wide turn lane would not only
bring the curb and gutter closer to over the pipe but lower the grade covering the pipe an
additional foot or so. At this point insulation only of the shallow watermain would not be
acceptable and lowering was determined necessary.
The lowering of the watermain in this area is anticipated to cost $22,636.75. The developer's contention is
an unknown cost and due to the existing shallowness of the watermain is not the developer's responsibility
and is requesting the City fund the lowering costs north and west of the new driveway to the development.
City staffs comments regarding the cost responsibility are:
1) Although the watermain was shallower than 7.5 feet, freezing has not been an issue or concern for
the City since it was constructed 13 years ago given its location outside of the cleared driven surface
and the volume of water moving through.
2) Construction of a right-hand turn lane and trail are both requirements of the Subdivision Ordinance
for the development at the developer's cost. These required improvements have both lowered the
cover even more and placed the watermain under cleared areas that prevents alternatives such as
raising the grade over the watermain. But for the development, the watermain would not need to
be lowered.
3) The developer nor the City was aware the watermain depth was less than 7.5 feet prior to the project
being approved, thus the costs of lowering and insulating the watermain was not included in the
developers estimates to complete the project.
I SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS ATTACHED:
• Developer Change Request
• Engineering Plans
• Cost Estimate
Dr)QQ1R1 P M(1Tl(1N
PLEASE WORD MOTION AS YOU WOULD LIKE ITTO APPEAR IN THE MINUTES: I
Motion to approve cost share funding in the amount of $ for trunk watermain lowering
along CSAH 42 near the entrance to the Riverbend North development.
RI inrI=T IN1:nPMAT117N
FUNDING: BUDGETED:
Fund 601—Water Utility No
i
EDGE
BUILDING CO".
5 R 1! N R A a I D S. 61 N
To: Casey Darkenwald
Otsego Apartments LLC
7535 N. East River Road
Otsego, MN 55330
Description: Water Main
P. O. Box 564
Sauk Rapids, MN 56379
Ph: (320) 253-3524
Change Request
Number: 11
Date: 5/14/20
Job: 19-001 Riverbend North Apartment
Phone:
We are pleased to offer the following specifications and pricing to make the following changes:
Lower the water main as per the updated drawings from Landform.
Description Labor Material Equipment Subcontract Other Price
Utilities $50,441.36 $50,441.36
Subtotal: $50,441.36
O&P $50,441.36 5.00% $2,522.07
Total: $52,963.43
If you have any questions, please contact me at 320-253-3524.
Submitted by: Robert Landsberger
Alliance Building Corp
Approved by:
Date:
Page 1 of 1
Kotzer Excavating, Inc.
21745 340th Street
Albany, N4N 56307
Phone # 3203607198
Fax # (320) 845-6211
IN
Alliance Building Corp.
P.0 Box 425
Sartell MN. 56377
DESCRIPTION
Furnish equipment, labor and materials to insulate and lower water main per new plan
Insulate 236' of water main @ $44.56 per foot
12" parts including 40' of DIP
8" parts including 20' of DIP
Salvage 12" with new gaskets 180' a $15 per foot
Mobilization, crew time, testing, restoration, pipe bedding
2 connections to existing 12" $2500 each
1 connection to existing 8" $2500
Lower hydrant barrel
Lower manhole
Saw cuts and removals
Sales Tax
Excludes:
Surveying
SWPP Permits
Permits
Soil testing
Winter conditions
Dewatering
Seeding
Rock excavation
Any unforeseen conditions
ESTIMATE
DATE
ESTIMATE #
5/14/2020
2123
I PROJECT I
River Bend apartment
TOTAL
0.00
10,516.16
4,051.34
1,123.86
2,700.00
21,000.00
5,000.00
2,500.00
850.00
1,500.00
1,200.00
0.00
TOTAL $50,441.36
Customer Signature
WHAT IT WOULD HAVE COST CITY TO GET TO 6'
�E—Z— PRE —PROJECT
10 0 ,a ZU LOWER WATERMAIN TO 6'/W INSULATION
5CAtE IN FED 90LF X $209.35 = $18,841.50
WHAT IT COSTS TO LOWER TO 6' POST PROJECT
LOWER WATERMAIN TO 6'/W INSULATION
157LF X $209.35 = $32,867.95
INSULATE WATERMAIN INSULATE WATERMAIN
85LF X $44.65 = $3,795.25 20LF X $44.65 = $893.00
..........._.........................,........................._.........................
TOTAL $22,636.75 : : TOTAL $33.,760.95
6.0
6.0 6.0
865
860
0+00
.............:........�......
6.0 7
0+50
......... ..6.0.......6.0.....
1+00
1 +50
2+00
2+50
RF
Stl)• YL51 \ F E E-81
Bs
�8544 \
NWtr656 \ R 06
IOOTR FFYL-059 / \\ N. St 856. \
aQ
fE5 RCP 24N- It06!\V
/ E�56.5 Si(N �� nW9• \ PER t 3
WE 4O0 RE=863.9 T e �gTQ31 SE Q r \
/ HL (WE 8%37 O
8%,57
NV: 05657 !/
R-43452�
�,e, PER PETAL. C7.1 [7'
/ I °FHOa EµRFEEOO 1a 4TAT r �,
A RT WWAi[R OJ IrYY \ \r
I/ O� N.JaWt BS6EI WT
PER Im/ -WT FHA 1 7� M1 / R-0
VERFEA- `� ' PER PETAL .I/5 R sa N-i
PER-- M (S�BSS 9 , / 1 / / / \ C. �
-4wr VEEP� . ass C.
'\
/.
\ PEtni a.1/ss?J-'' \\\
RE 7.7
SE ST_2
OU TC y� 4P \
I / /
1 I Jf J / f / •\ \\ ,` PER PESR
RTt 872b7
W. e6a.u
o9 \ (sRA'k eii+a / , ./ \
LL�-- 2-4342 �5 -4 or
\`\ \ n. ((NWk es44e - Pam,..• R . 4s
RrF4r;�' Y>�iE�.QF� Y SOY
p / / •ORTt W,p \
A( PER PET C7. 6
-tbi ELD \ I
a \/
o �
(fTRA s _• \ .,^ \
\ \
wsej asa47 (\ l N'h} B59)�2 Z ✓ . •• PER PLNF \ \ \ .
TT - TY RC? I m • \ \ ' � � \ NOT FELD `/
a LOf: 07Z.4] \ \ O PER 42 IA
CT.1/6 Si(.E 4A \ Q.l OT B \LOCATED \ StCB \
87- 7
Wt 664 5 NVi aEfi\�0 (/yf\/
Fat S 42 1 �48: S.-A 1 \•�
/\ NY: 2�AA R- s0-A \•\\ a,.0. �59100%C f / .`�
R-4342 i' R PER PETAL .2/14 \ \(
Rrc aizss �. � Rrt a] r / 4
P0:080 0
W46 RIVER RO IE
tvnv
arsss330
\
OWNER: BRAAEY f W�wA
BRA
OR
�i4�µW
C
.R-tNG
ZOrE4. R-I RESOERW.
AiE[\
;-\
La+EGT
ExiSiNC
SANITARY
rD p
3 M 1
LL (SWt a59.92
N. (SEz a"Z2
NN am 7
6 -$64 �R PETAL C7.i/6
EXISTING WATERMAIN
TO BE LOWER OR
INSULATED
PROPOSED INSULATION
TO BE ELIMINATED BY
RAISING TRAIL GRADE
t1. , i ' C L6, PVL� / RLt 874.99\ \ \ i� \ WA'
a-02Sl.
'A WL-B]3.2$- ig o.4sY. - 24• RCP I I--xe Nv: F)69.9a
PER i TAL C7.1/5 irF!V ((S7$
_I o LnX I QAEWY8]R
e.25 • PER GfrNV.i4a I I
-oE o $- (9Wj 666.75 I ®ISa' -wl.-. RTt a7J.10 / / / LOT • (/J \ �. -•
OE OE PER oErq�.. a I I MURPaAt�A B6z.79 -I-- m N'�i'• v z
�-, r- o: wza9 L y p
rI-j¢L- OErlii ./5
r •]' QFR�OE N. C'/2 1
L 24' OlP Wit js.o3
I I a O.00X \ W. 96491 \
I I a 48' M
n I I 20�I OETAL C7.1/s /x\
72 LP S.Or1ED
o i i I µ I` ' Pvc zI \ V v\ xu oerAL a.1/ pro Q' ai°
MIS \� 72 LF SlDREO Rot 075.16
RTt 873.97 t p p,SpX \ m: =I$"U7 \a 1AL C7.1/3 \
K (5Ez 96L50 \ ! 96424
NV. 86L40 4 \ �\ \ RBn92-ii \
li
R '16422 �J®� ' _ °11 L'!.1/5 K� e \ PEa PETAL Cl.vs e \
v I I I ; PER PETAL C7.I/fi ` �• 1� i'\ \ BASN \ \
o li I i II RL 0 C
4
L FOR CQISjaICTM SrW C AWI 51.RVEYNC 5ERVM5 COMACT LA'OFORII 7. PPE wc" Fw" ARE ROT LEN(CR Q: 9TFSKTIRE TO CENTER OF sTRUCRRE 20 ROC% IEQA N mmTIQI sY5TE1t9 SHALL BE ROM n. RESERV'. QT
FRCKSSI AL SM-ES AT 62.257.9070. OR E OF Fta ITT' 24 RRICATIQF SIEEVE TO BE 4' SO43AAE 80 PVC DIME' 24' FEIfN CRAM. EXTEN] F21>I*CERCRQ FLTRAT STS1 TO EE C"TTOICTEO OF 48' C OR ADPFROVEO
5. WrALL TRACER WRE mm AIL NQF-CQCUCIIVE Uf4IES. REEVES 7 MY- r1E - CF PAVE;-Y. (C°QtONATE W1rR RRICATWF EW TNAT r T3 TOT& SrORACE VOI- ArD STORAGE V0.VE 0a.0'Y WHt CF
CQ4rRACrORJ �
F 4 CO r TO Off UTTITES N ACCORDANCE WITH QTY OF OTSEGO STAIDAROS.
21. COORONATE WTN PRIVATE Un3iT5 TO PROVLE E4ECTTBC. NAIWAL CAS, At0 34 LAWER rl; Q• DP 4' TO PER MT A LINTZAI N 7$ AF LOVER.
2. PPE r1ATHdA1$ ®CQRACT OTT OF OTSEGO AT 763.NL4414 FOR WET TAP NSPECTM SEE MrM CIXfXNCATIQG SERVICES TO MXZW. CQrTRACTOR TO PIAGE 4' IRAL.ATIM PER PEtAL CI3/] N IlIY AREAS WERE
WATER" W 0. S 52 (ANSI A2L51/AWWA CBI) ��/L WATERIWF C r BE LOWERED TO PROVDE 7"'
°F COVER OR AS NOTED ON
RE
WATER SERVICE COPPER TYPE Y.
(ASTN BBB) 23. TFE PRTI RY EtECTOC FEED. TRH 091ER, AN PETER ME PRpVOEA AID NSrA FLANS. NO WATCW" SNOUD FQVE lESS TNµ 6.0' OF COVER.
SA ARY SEWER PVC sot 35 (ASnt 03034. 02665, k F891) IL f7AttfAN 15 FfEi GE COVER R1 WATER. 5 EIECi / IaLRY CQPANY. r TRA4XORtTR P D"e3LN 6 VPRWEE° 8Y r�C Rim rn �.mnrlarc wn ns nry .c nrcc�n ero ruoroeov mrtr,nvu
�.II60470010 0
690 RIVER W tE
T5ECO, rN 55330
jC ROBERT BR-IAI
ED. R-I RE50ENTW-
DARKENWALD HOLDINGS, INC.
7535NER MROAD
EIx RNER AN 55330
to pspuurw. FAXOON4Iarsl
CITY aI®
"INtMINN.4PTA
RIVERBEND
NORTH
OTSEGO, MN
4u.�,,,...aasn..a.x�eexm.,eueei4
CIVIL REVISION 5
MAY 12, 202
(
.I 9
h
II
II
I I
I ) I
II
II
II
I I
) I
II
II
II
.11
f
OSED AREA OFERMAIN LOWERING
,,..� EXISTING WATERMAIN ALIGNMENT
ow
I
565TNC, rr
I
000
WA
Ni.LA
I
lair,
a'15
"
l STA. T
1,011
I
__>-
'i
-
I--
-�
m6P
6 A!E
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
sio
865I
f
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Ia65
TY oP
WNSAi1Lr110N
I
1 E
i TNC
A i WI
I
I
I
I
I
a60
iI
I
ELIMINATE INSULATION
855I
I
I
BY RAISING TRAIL
GRADE
c
P
0400 0450 1400
1450
24" 2450
34" 3450
4400
4450
5400 54505415
L FOR CO TWkTYM STAKLVC AO S MYNC SERVICES COVTACT LADFORN
PRCFE5561UL SEML% AT 6E.752.90M0.
2. PPE NATER A
WATEfeWN W 0. 5 52 JA AWI/ARIA C61)
WATER SERVILE GRIPER TYPE (ASm BBB)
SA4fARY SEWER PVC SOR 35 (AS6 D]= PV665, k f8"
Sm SEWER SERVILE 511(x 26, SLIiLUE 40 (A$Tlt DO85. DJO]4, at665, k
PB91)
CREASE TRAP SFRVLE 11J5CNEalE 40 (ASTMt D085, 03034, D2665, k
stall SEVER PVC saEOL4P 40 (ASM ones. D3034. W"5, k
F891)
RCP R'-W LMASs 5 (ASm C)6)
RCP 2Y LL/Ss 4 (ASm G76)
RLP 24'-48• CLASS 3 (ASm C761
CMP AJfWtEO STEEL TYPE 2. a-Ra (AASMO. "m.
MM4; ASM A924 A760. A79B)
aU4N TLE IWE - CORRELATED k PERICRATEO (A5m D3]50,
ASm NWr7 AAS4TO E252, AxS o N294)
]. CC TACT UIDTY SERVILE PROVDEPS Fax ffiD LOGAl1O/ O SFRVMLES 71 MaRS
PRW f0 BECNkNG.
4. CaSTRA M TO F K.WY LOCATION AD ELEVAT OF Al UTLLTT POWS M
C4tFCWH PTBOR TO CQ6TRXL OF ANY PRCPO.E USIASE5. CONTRACTOR TO
NOTFY ENGWEER maAATELY F rKm 6 ANY FANCY.
5. CONRAC M f0 POiIDLE ALL VEffY MR SNCS PSBOR TO Ca6TWLDIXN W LEY
UTNRS TO VERFY LEPf16 W EfOSTNC LIES. CORACT ENCTEFR TTEMMY F INN'M
[mils ARE OLSCOVEREO.
6. PROVLE MANS AD MEA%M TO PROTECT AOJAM9 PROPERTY PROS VASACE
O50lL UTL 7 NSTALATIOL
7. PPE ILYLTNs SDWN ARE FRCS'I CTSNTER m 5rW1CT TO CENTER m sYROIB OR
END OF END sEC80N.
D. MTA1 TRA4ER YRP 'NM ALL r-CQtwlft LFTLIIES.
4 CQtECf TO aTY DUNES N ACCOROANLE MN aTY OF OT5 0 STAIVAROS.
CO/fACf OTY - 0-0 AT 1-4-4 FOR WET TA➢ NSPECYgI. Sf£ OETAL
C75/I
IL rMTAN 75 FEN M COVER 00 WATER.
R. DEiECT WATER TO I m IB-NCN LN LTS ORSLE SEPARATION AT SA ARY
SEWER LTxOS5N45 ND 24- M WTR SEPARATOR AT STORK SEWER
CTEOSSNCS. CENTER PPE LEICTI6 TO MVVM COMM SEPARATM BETWEEN
JRlrs.
0. CMfACT CITY W Ofs O EILYTfRND O ARTMENT, AT 70ML4414 FOt f/l9NC
AD PRE55LRE TEST WECT06.
14. THE WATER OMTIHUIION SYSTEM S W OAF6CTE0 PER tot TA PLL , PART
47H.
6. PROYDE 4-NCIx WLD fOAt1 (ASm 0W') t TM aV SANTARY SEWER LE55 TWN
a TEEN CEE9.
IE REFER TO PLNf@C PLANS fax 0./WATFR 5[9ARATOi DNA., r TAW AD TOP
SLAB t]/5T BE OESIGPED TO NAAE (RAPfIC ND s0. LOADS. U TAW MiJST BE
PROIECTW FROM FMZW AND P]SST COf4Y WtiH ALL LOCAL AD SPATE CO .
17. ALL PORROS OF TIE 5Ta SEWER SYSTEM LOCATED WS M W FEET W TIE
01RNC M WATER SERVICE L]E MZT W TESTED N ACCORDANCE WIM tW WTA
NI.LL A PART 4714.
B All. J AND COlE"" N " STOWS SEWER SYSTEMS SIWL t@ OASTICM M
WATER TILM. APPROVED REs1 Rx.EeER JOBS tW BE USED TO (tAXE
WATERRLHT GatEDD6M6 TO t0A1OE . CATCH BASH AD "WR 5RBICxxNE4.
R CATW BARS N ORB AD CLtTER ARE -M9 2 NOES Bf1PY TIE MTER
a<ADE.
20. OL% MfSM N FLTRATON STSTiiMS WALL W NXUAR, NON� ROCK
0Al101 SIEEVE TO BE 4' SaEDSAE BO PVD BI.RC-p 24' BH.W CRIME E%TEND
REEVES 3' BEYOD TIE HKE Q= PAVEENT. (COWwNATE' W RWCATON
C TRAamj
22. COOWNXTE WTM PRIVATE UTELTES TO PROVM ELECTIM NATLRAL CAS, AD
CCfTLNCATI" s RNLES TO BMEDNC.
23. TIE PMELECTIrG FTSO. TRA6FCWER, AD METER ARE FRONDED AD t A -
By TFE ELECTMAL MUTT Ca~. TIE TRNSFOWER PW DES" 6 PRO 8Y
TSE UfL" AD C TRUCOON 5 8Y TIE CONTRACTOR. CORACT =TY FOR PAD
DETAL. RE SECQDARY EHLTIdC AD CO Ts S BE mrALLEO BY TIE
E4EGYWCAL CORRALTOR.
24. CA5 Cq AW RILL FUDN91 AW MrA CA5 SERVILE FPEK FRQI 1HE N1N.tE TO
TIE METER AD RE MTM CAS sERNCE FROM RE METNR %N W MTA1t-0 BY
TSE IEaWYAL COORACTOR
25. PP. V PVC CO •4NM P -STRNC FRaT EIOSTNC TEEflIOE SERVILE TO
alDLY.
26. PROVCE CO FOR CARE LCMEVIARN MD OT 6 EECTRLYIC COMTM .ATM
T/�. COOWXIATE WTM M-WkWAL, N1Tf9NL'. ND ELECT9CAL MAW - FOR LOCATTR6
W SERVICE COtECTONs - Ca ATW N aF SfRVLH WBRV BLLRC.
2B. C ACT COESVE 5NA5 N PAVED AREAS TO 95X OF MAX" DRY OELGfY.
STA AW PROCTOR (ASM OWB) EXaF T TFE TW 3 FEET WNCH SULL W
CETACMED TO T00%. -ACT TO WX OFiNSIT WERE FLL DEPTH EXCEEDS 10
MT. TIE SOS %O IE "m 39 OF Om" t Ttm CONEM. N CRAN.LAR
s AIL PORTIO6 CF TIE EOANOENY %N SSE COPACTW TO NOT LE55 TNAN
VY. N MDOFEO WEOLTLR DE1SfY (ASM 0057).
®AD.DST SIWILTLRES TO FINAL CITADE WERE lA5TUf10E0. CORM NM mavL EMS
W ULLLTY. MFET REaYWESNTS fCR TRAFfiC LOAD N PAVED AREAS.
W. SEE -9 fT MI AD M2 FOR WAIMM PLAN AD PR F1
JL CO TPA TM TO EXCAVATE DOWN TO APPROASAELY 2' ABOVE EESTW WATEWNN
AD PLACE 4• NSLATOR PM MAL CNJ/7.
32 SERV[O.
M. IlARSROlD FLynA SYSTEM TO BE C"TRLVIW OF 48' CTP M APPROVED
EAIA THAT t . TOTAL sTORALE Y0. - 9rmR vO BESgW •YER Or
PRWOSF-0 sTsS
]4 ESRStNO W DP WATEW" TO PROYLE A fNLTf W 75 W COVER.
CONTRACTOR TO PUCE 4' H ATW" PWx DErAL CN p N ANT IREA9 •HERE
WATE'" CA BE LOWEED TO PROVM 75 CE LOVER OR AS NOtFD ON 15E
F'. NO WATTRIWN %1 W NAVE LEIS MAN GO W COVER
]5. OR 5r COa:W M WM TSE art CF OT*CO FCR TEPOZART sWSDOWN
O WATER 9TSMEL
WA aMANiff"
DJP. SEE
I m FEET
B•
2,461
6•
85
DARKENWALD HOLDINGS, INC.
7535NEPASRRW
M WER MN 555TV_
la 1TNH41-TI W - FA[ D ET)HI.1N55
CITY a
QtRTA
RIVERBEND
NORTH
OTSEGO. MN
mnx/,o,R
CIVIL REVISION 5
MAY 12, 2020